Frequently, the assessed structural capacity is inadequate to support the intended live load, but the effects of self-weight and dead loading have only been estimated. Similarly, there are situations where the physical condition (and degradation) of a structure can affect its capacity and integrity.

We provide a number of testing methods which are tailored for the material in question and the characteristics of the structural element.

Because of the durability risks that are associated with post-tensioned concrete bridges and the significant reliance on the integrity of the tensioned tendons for their load capacity, it is important to know the local pre-stressing forces and their influence on global concrete stress.

The tests appropriate for concrete structures are:

• Concrete stress measurement using 78mm, 36mm or slot cutting
• Post-tensioning tendon load measurement on individual wires or solid bars

The compressive stresses in masonry structures (bridges, tunnels, retaining walls) can be measured using the pressure compensation slotting for load measurement between brick courses.

Centre-hole strain relief drilling method is applicable for investigation of surface stresses, arising from the manufacturing process, which could result in stress concentrations affecting the future fatigue life of infrastructure.

A modification of the technique includes careful planning to optimise the test for the measurement of stress through the thickness of the material while measuring the effects of dead loading and deducting the localised effects of manufacturing processes.

The normal approach for measurement of loads in stay cables or hangers involves measurement of vibration and calculation of tension, using empirical equations.

With each of these techniques, a benchmark level of dead load stress is determined. This can inform the assessment calculation and can calibrate structural health monitoring systems, so that changes to absolute strain and load values can be measured.

Welded steel pipelines are at risk of fracture due to ground movements, typically from mining-related subsidence or landslip.

Typically, three centre hole drilling tests are completed at each cross-section – at 120 degree intervals around the circumference. From the test data, the stress and bending in the pipe is calculated. This data can then be used to determine whether the pipe needs to be fully excavated and jacked to relieve the bending. While exposed for testing, strain gauges are usually fitted adjacent to the test locations so that future stress changes can be monitored.

We are also able to apply these techniques to many scenarios and other residual stress measurement examples have included offshore structural nodes, railway track, helicopter rotors, gun barrels, nuclear power station elements, and train wheelsets and other components.